Watermelon
Fruit & berry· melon

What it is
Watermelon is the fruit of Citrullus lanatus, a vine native to Africa.
What it tastes like
On the nose: grassy-green, fruity, fatty, orange-rose. Among its measured molecules: (Z)-6-nonenal, (3Z,6Z)-3,6-nonadien-1-ol, (Z)-3-nonen-1-ol, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, propanal.
What goes with it
- Matchaboth carry (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, fatty greencite
- Nectarineboth carry cis-3-hexen-1-ol, grassy-greencite
- Cucumberboth carry (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, fatty greencite
Salt and acid
Salt
Sodium 1 mg per 100 g — USDA FoodData Central 167765.
Acid
Acid not measured yet.
Unusual pairings
Pairs the library can cite that almost nobody makes.
- Watermelon + Blueberry
both carry cis-3-hexen-1-ol, grassy-green (36 of 338 carry it)
- Watermelon + Nectarine
both carry cis-3-hexen-1-ol, grassy-green (36 of 338 carry it)
- Watermelon + Date
both carry acetaldehyde, fruity (39 of 338 carry it)
15 of 86 compounds on file carry a paper the library can cite.
acetaldehydearomaaldehydereads as pungent, fruity odor (PubChem)Measured in 18 of 338 ingredients.cite
4255.2 ug/kg in flesh, the largest single value in the whole table; the paper's Results call acetaldehyde one of 'the 11 most dominant volatile compounds (at least 1% peak area)' at 3.9-17.0% of total volatiles — Du et al. 2022, Molecules (Table 2 (Volatile compounds in watermelon rind-flesh blends, ug/kg), row 'Acetaldehyde' (LRI 672), column '0% Rind' — flesh only)propanalaromaaldehydereads as characteristic odor similar to acetaldehyde (PubChem)Measured in 11 of 338 ingredients.cite
84.9 ug/kg in flesh, against 1.4 ug/kg in the rind-only sample — a 60-fold difference, the sharpest flesh/rind contrast of any compound in the table — Du et al. 2022, Molecules (Table 2, row 'Propanal' (LRI 794), column '0% Rind')hexanalaromaaldehydereads as sharp, aldehyde odor (PubChem)Measured in 85 of 338 ingredients.cite
identified in fresh watermelon juice by GC-O-MS on both DB-Wax and DB-5 columns — Yang et al. 2020, Foods (Table 2 (Flavor compounds identified by GC-O-MS in fresh watermelon (FW) and thermally treated watermelon juice (TW)), aldehyde row 2 'hexanal')2-methylbutyraldehydearomaaldehydeMeasured in 11 of 338 ingredients.cite
identified in fresh watermelon juice — Yang et al. 2020, Foods (Table 2, aldehyde row 1 '2-methylbutanal')1-hexanolaromaalcoholreads as fatty, fruity (PubChem)Measured in 48 of 338 ingredients.cite
flavour dilution factor 81 in fresh watermelon juice; the paper later treats it as an off-flavour contributor in the heated juice — Yang et al. 2020, Foods (Table 2, alcohol row 27 'hexanol', FD column for fresh watermelon (FW))6-methyl-5-hepten-2-onearomaketonereads as fruity taste (PubChem)Measured in 15 of 338 ingredients.cite
identified in fresh watermelon juice (FW) — Yang et al. 2020, Foods (Table 2, ketone row 38 '6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one')nonanalaromaaldehydereads as orange-rose odor (PubChem)Measured in 59 of 338 ingredients.cite
identified in fresh watermelon juice; the paper's introduction names nonanal first in its list of the C6 and C9 compounds that carry watermelon juice flavour — Yang et al. 2020, Foods (Table 2, aldehyde row 8 'nonanal')(E,Z)-2,6-nonadienalaromaaldehydeMeasured in 8 of 338 ingredients.cite
flavour dilution factor >81 in FRESH watermelon juice — the highest FD of any aroma-active compound the paper found, tied with its value in the thermally treated juice — Yang et al. 2020, Foods (Table 2, aldehyde row 14 '(E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal', FD column for fresh watermelon (FW))cis-3-hexen-1-olaromaalcoholreads as powerful grassy-green odor (PubChem)Measured in 21 of 338 ingredients.cite
identified in fresh watermelon juice — Yang et al. 2020, Foods (Table 2, alcohol row 28 '(Z)-3-hexenol')2-HexenalaromaaldehydeMeasured in 31 of 338 ingredients.cite
identified in fresh watermelon juice — Yang et al. 2020, Foods (Table 2, aldehyde row 5 '(E)-2-hexenal #')2-OctenalaromaaldehydeMeasured in 23 of 338 ingredients.cite
flavour dilution factor 27 in fresh watermelon juice, rising to >81 after heating — one of the seven compounds the paper's omission experiments confirm as off-flavour drivers in the heated juice — Yang et al. 2020, Foods (Table 2, aldehyde row 9 '(E)-2-octenal *', FD column for fresh watermelon (FW))2-NonenalaromaaldehydeMeasured in 20 of 338 ingredients.cite
flavour dilution factor 27 in fresh watermelon juice — Yang et al. 2020, Foods (Table 2, aldehyde row 13 '(E)-2-nonenal', FD column for fresh watermelon (FW))(Z)-6-nonenalaromaaldehydeMeasured in 1 of 338 ingredients.cite
65.0 ug/kg in flesh; 1.6-3.6% of total volatiles — Du et al. 2022, Molecules (Table 2, row '(Z)-6-Nonenal' (LRI 1445), column '0% Rind')(Z)-3-nonen-1-olaromaalcoholMeasured in 3 of 338 ingredients.cite
'3-nonen-1-ol, (Z)-' is among the eleven 'top abundant components of aroma' and among the LOX-pathway compounds named as important — Gong et al. 2021, Frontiers in Plant Science (Results, list of VOCs significantly enriched at 34 DAP in 'Crimson' flesh)(3Z,6Z)-3,6-nonadien-1-olaromaalcoholMeasured in 1 of 338 ingredients.cite
165.2 ug/kg in flesh; named in the Results among the 11 most dominant volatiles at 1.9-11.8% of total — Du et al. 2022, Molecules (Table 2, row '(Z,Z)-3,6-Nonadien-1-ol' (LRI 1747), column '0% Rind')
On file, no cited source yet ✳
These molecules are on record for it from the library's earlier sources. We are buying and requesting the papers; each one that lands moves its molecule up into the cited list.
- (3R,4aR,6aS,6bS,8aS,11R,12aR,14bS)-11-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14-dodecahydropicen-3-olterpenoid
- 5-Dehydrokarounidiolterpenoid
- 7-cis-Lycopeneterpenoid
- erythrodiolalcohol
- 3-epi-Bryonololterpenoid
- 7,7',9,9'-tetra-cis-lycopeneterpenoid
- hexadecaneacid
- octadecaneacidreads as fuel-like (PubChem)
- 1-penten-3-olalcohol
- [(E,6R)-6-[(8S,9R,10S,13R,14S,16R,17R)-2,16-dihydroxy-4,4,9,13,14-pentamethyl-3,11-dioxo-8,10,12,15,16,17-hexahydro-7H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxohept-3-en-2-yl] acetateterpenoid
- pentadecaneacid
- nonadecaneacidreads as fuel-like (PubChem)
- heneicosaneacid
- 24-Ethyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-olterpenoid
- 2-nonanoneketone
- palmitic acidacidreads as slight characteristic taste (PubChem)
- Codisterolterpenoid
- stearic acidacidreads as taste suggesting tallow (PubChem)
- geranylacetoneketone
- 4-Oxononan-1-alaldehyde
- Bryonololterpenoid
- Karounidiolterpenoid
- bryonolic acidacid
- LIIOJBIJVPGVGO-SLCVGMHBSA-Nterpenoid
- QKEJRKXVLGOJMB-UIUTVIHFSA-Nterpenoid
- (5E,9E)-farnesyl acetoneketone
- 1-octen-3-olalcohol
- 2-amylfuranfuran
- Karounidiol 3-benzoateterpenoid
- benzaldehydealdehydereads as burning aromatic taste (PubChem)
- benzyl alcoholalcoholreads as faint aromatic odor (PubChem)
- 1-pentadeceneacid
- 1-butanolalcoholreads as dry, burning taste (PubChem)
- 2-O-b-D-Glucopyranosylcucurbitacin Eterpenoid
- 3-phenyl-2-propen-1-olacid
- isoamyl alcoholalcohol
- bryoamarideterpenoid
- (S)-cryptoxanthinterpenoid
- oleic acidacidreads as peculiar lard-like odor (PubChem)
- lycopeneterpenoid
- caprylaldehydealdehydereads as strong, fruity odor (PubChem)
- Bryonolic acidterpenoid
- linoleic acidacid
- stigmasterolalcohol
- cucurbitacin Eketone
- isofucosterolalcohol
- α-spinasterinterpenoid
- 24-epicampesterolalcohol
- Clerosterolterpenoid
- (E)-cinnamyl alcoholalcoholreads as bitter taste (PubChem)
- cis-y,y-Caroteneterpenoid
- cis-b,b-Caroteneterpenoid
- phenylethyl alcoholalcoholreads as sharp burning taste (PubChem)
- farnesylacetonealdehyde
- 1-octen-3-oneacid
- 1-pentanolalcoholreads as mild odor (PubChem)
- geraniolalcoholreads as sweet rose odor (PubChem)
- geranialterpenoidreads as strong lemon odor (PubChem)
- trans-β-iononeterpenoidreads as warm woody, dry, and fruity odor (PubChem)
- all-trans-phytoflueneterpenoid
- neralterpenoid
- ethanolalcoholreads as burning (PubChem)
- butyrolactonelactonereads as faint odor (PubChem)
- acetophenoneketonereads as sweet pungent odor (PubChem)
- γ-nonalactonelactonereads as strong odor reminiscent of coconut (PubChem)
- 2-heptanoneketonereads as pear-like flavor (PubChem)
- pentanalaldehydereads as it has sharp, penetrating flavor (PubChem)
- lauryl alcoholalcoholreads as fatty, waxy flavor (PubChem)
- 1-nonanolalcoholreads as floral odor (PubChem)
- 24-methylenecholesterolalcohol
- 1-octanolalcoholreads as fresh orange rose odor (PubChem)
Sources
- Du et al. 2022, Molecules
- Yang et al. 2020, Foods
- Gong et al. 2021, Frontiers in Plant Science