the library

Roasted duck

Meat, fish & cheese· meat

What it is

Roasted duck is duck cooked whole by dry heat in an oven, its skin rendering and browning as it cooks.

What it tastes like

On the nose: fatty, citrus, fruity, orange-rose. Among its measured molecules: 2,4-decadienal, 2-Nonenal, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-Octenal, heptanal.

Every one of its 9 compounds carries a paper the library can cite.

• octanalaromaaldehydereads as fruity (PubChem)Measured in 40 of 341 ingredients.cite

  163.09 +/- 24.03 ng/g — Hu et al. 2025, Food Chemistry: X (Table 1, Aldehyde row 3 'Octanal', '15% Maltose solution' column)Measurement only — the source text is licensed facts-only.
• phenylacetaldehydearomaaldehydeMeasured in 23 of 341 ingredients.cite

  71.09 +/- 23.68 ng/g, against an air threshold of 0.00072 ug/L, one of the lowest thresholds in the table — Hu et al. 2025, Food Chemistry: X (Table 1, Aldehyde row 5 '2-Phenylacetaldehyde', '15% Maltose solution' column)Measurement only — the source text is licensed facts-only.
• hexanalaromaaldehydereads as sharp, aldehyde (PubChem)Measured in 87 of 341 ingredients.cite

  343.93 +/- 46.46 ng/g — Hu et al. 2025, Food Chemistry: X (Table 1, Aldehyde row 1 'Hexanal', '15% Maltose solution' column)Measurement only — the source text is licensed facts-only.
• heptanalaromaaldehydereads as fatty taste (PubChem)Measured in 34 of 341 ingredients.cite

  88 +/- 11.34 ng/g — Hu et al. 2025, Food Chemistry: X (Table 1, Aldehyde row 2 'Heptanal', '15% Maltose solution' column)Measurement only — the source text is licensed facts-only.
• decanalaromaaldehydereads as citrus (PubChem)Measured in 37 of 341 ingredients.cite

  6.89 +/- 2.85 ng/g — Hu et al. 2025, Food Chemistry: X (Table 1, Aldehyde row 9 'Decanal', '15% Maltose solution' column)Measurement only — the source text is licensed facts-only.
• nonanalaromaaldehydereads as orange-rose (PubChem)Measured in 62 of 341 ingredients.cite

  369.32 +/- 67.83 ng/g -- the largest identified aldehyde peak under the traditional maltose glaze — Hu et al. 2025, Food Chemistry: X (Table 1, Aldehyde row 7 'Nonanal', '15% Maltose solution' column)Measurement only — the source text is licensed facts-only.
• 2-OctenalaromaaldehydeMeasured in 26 of 341 ingredients.cite

  31.93 +/- 3.84 ng/g — Hu et al. 2025, Food Chemistry: X (Table 1, Aldehyde row 6 '(E)-2-Octenal', '15% Maltose solution' column)Measurement only — the source text is licensed facts-only.
• 2-NonenalaromaaldehydeMeasured in 22 of 341 ingredients.cite

  11.48 +/- 5.39 ng/g — Hu et al. 2025, Food Chemistry: X (Table 1, Aldehyde row 8 '(E)-2-Nonenal', '15% Maltose solution' column)Measurement only — the source text is licensed facts-only.
• 2,4-decadienalaromaaldehydeMeasured in 12 of 341 ingredients.cite

  12.45 +/- 1.44 ng/g — Hu et al. 2025, Food Chemistry: X (Table 1, Aldehyde row 13 '2,4-Decadienal', '15% Maltose solution' column)Measurement only — the source text is licensed facts-only.