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Horseradish

Savory & ferment· savory bridge

Horseradish

What it is

Horseradish is the root of Armoracia rusticana, a plant in the mustard family grated fresh as a condiment.

What it tastes like

On the nose: mustard; the house adds heat, sinus bite, earthy ✳. Among its measured molecules: 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine, 3-(Methylthio)propyl isothiocyanate, 1-Cyano-2,3-epithiopropane, 3-sec-Butyl-2-methoxypyrazine, Wine lactone.

What goes with it

18 more go with it. See them all in the full library →

Salt and acid

Salt

0 mgAsian pear10 mgCinnamon100 mgFennel seed1,000 mgOlive10,000 mgFish sauce

Sodium 420 mg per 100 g — USDA FoodData Central 173472.

Acid

Acid not measured yet.

11 of 25 compounds on file carry a paper the library can cite.

  • benzyl isothiocyanatearomasulfur compoundMeasured in 2 of 338 ingredients.cite
    0.8-2.1 µg/g across six horseradish varieties (VFS x BA 1.3, BA x VFS 2.1, BA 0.8, Kroener 1.0, Nyehemes 1.5, NA 1.5)Kroener et al. 2018, Frontiers in Chemistry (Table 2, row 'Benzyl isothiocyanate')
  • allyl isothiocyanatearomasulfur compoundreads as mustard odor (PubChem)Measured in 3 of 338 ingredients.cite
    936-1990 µg/g across six horseradish varieties (VFS x BA 1110, BA x VFS 936, BA 1430, Kroener 1490, Nyehemes 1990, NA 1420) -- by far the largest of the quantified compounds, and the compound the paper's own text credits with both the characteristic horseradish aroma and its pungencyKroener et al. 2018, Frontiers in Chemistry (Table 2 (Content [µg/g] of important aroma-active compounds in one gram of freshly ground horseradish root of six different horseradish varieties, determined by HRGC-O/FID), row 'Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC)')
  • 3-Methylindolearomanitrogen compoundreads as warm, over-ripe, fruity flavor below 0 (PubChem)Measured in 2 of 338 ingredients.cite
    1.3-13.2 ng/g across six horseradish varieties (VFS x BA 5.9, BA x VFS 1.3, BA 10.3, Kroener 13.2, Nyehemes 3.2, NA 8.5)Kroener et al. 2018, Frontiers in Chemistry (Table 3, row '3-Methylindole (skatole)')
  • phenethyl isothiocyanatearomasulfur compoundMeasured in 3 of 338 ingredients.cite
    39.6-270 µg/g across six horseradish varieties (VFS x BA 39.6, BA x VFS 242, BA 124, Kroener 64.7, Nyehemes 153, NA 270) -- second-largest quantified compound, formed by the same enzymatic glucosinolate hydrolysis as AITC upon rupture of root cellsKroener et al. 2018, Frontiers in Chemistry (Table 2, row '2-Phenylethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC)')
  • 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazinearomanitrogen compoundMeasured in 1 of 338 ingredients.cite
    6.8-95.2 ng/g across six horseradish varieties (VFS x BA 21.5, BA x VFS 13.3, BA 10.3, Kroener 6.8, Nyehemes 95.2, NA 30.8); the paper's abstract names this compound, alongside AITC, as one of the two main odorants common to all varieties tested, with variety Nyehemes standing out for a notably higher contentKroener et al. 2018, Frontiers in Chemistry (Table 3 (Content [ng/g] of important aroma-active compounds ... determined by HRGC-MS or HRGC-GC-MS/O), row '3-Isopropyl-2-methoxypyrazine')
  • 3-(Methylthio)propyl isothiocyanatearomaMeasured in 1 of 338 ingredients.cite
    0.8-4.6 µg/g across six horseradish varieties (VFS x BA 0.9, BA x VFS 0.8, BA 4.0, Kroener 1.8, Nyehemes 4.6, NA 2.2)Kroener et al. 2018, Frontiers in Chemistry (Table 2, row '3-(Methylthio)propyl isothiocyanate')
  • sec-Butyl isothiocyanatearomaMeasured in 2 of 338 ingredients.cite
    3.7-8.7 µg/g across six horseradish varieties (VFS x BA 7.3, BA x VFS 3.8, BA 8.4, Kroener 8.7, Nyehemes 3.7, NA 6.3)Kroener et al. 2018, Frontiers in Chemistry (Table 2, row 'sec-Butyl isothiocyanate')
  • 1-Cyano-2,3-epithiopropanearomasugarMeasured in 1 of 338 ingredients.cite
    0.2-25.1 µg/g across six horseradish varieties (VFS x BA 24.9, BA x VFS 0.2, BA 15.9, Kroener 25.1, Nyehemes 16.3, NA 0.9); the only odor-active nitrile reported in this studyKroener et al. 2018, Frontiers in Chemistry (Table 2, row '1-Cyano-2,3-epithiopropane (CETP)')
  • 3-sec-Butyl-2-methoxypyrazinearomapyrazineMeasured in 1 of 338 ingredients.cite
    6.7-58.1 ng/g across six horseradish varieties (VFS x BA 11.5, BA x VFS 8.5, BA 32.2, Kroener 26.9, Nyehemes 58.1, NA 6.7)Kroener et al. 2018, Frontiers in Chemistry (Table 3, row '3-sec-Butyl-2-methoxypyrazine')
  • (3Z)-3-hexenalaromaaldehydeMeasured in 7 of 338 ingredients.cite
    0.7-5.1 µg/g across six horseradish varieties (VFS x BA 5.1, BA x VFS 1.5, BA 0.7, Kroener 2.4, Nyehemes 3.8, NA 2.0)Kroener et al. 2018, Frontiers in Chemistry (Table 2, row '(Z)-3-Hexenal')
  • Wine lactonearomaMeasured in 1 of 338 ingredients.cite
    1.0-10.2 ng/g across six horseradish varieties (VFS x BA 10.2, BA x VFS 7.1, BA 9.6, Kroener 1.0, Nyehemes 3.8, NA 1.6)Kroener et al. 2018, Frontiers in Chemistry (Table 3, row '(3S,3aS,7aR)-Wine lactone')

On file, no cited source yet ✳

These molecules are on record for it from the library's earlier sources. We are buying and requesting the papers; each one that lands moves its molecule up into the cited list.

  • matairesinolphenol
  • 3-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-5-[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-phenylchromen-4-oneflavonoid
  • 3-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-phenylchromen-4-oneflavonoid
  • [3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 2-methyl-N-sulfooxybutanimidothioateacid
  • [3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 4-methylsulfinyl-N-sulfooxybutanimidothioateacid
  • [3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 4-methylsulfanyl-N-sulfooxybutanimidothioateacid
  • quercetinflavonoid
  • apigeninflavonoid
  • luteolinflavonoid
  • kaempferolflavonoid
  • myricetinflavonoid
  • secoisolariciresinol
  • Sinigrinacid
  • [3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 8-methylsulfinyl-N-sulfooxyoctanimidothioateacid

Sources

  • Kroener et al. 2018, Frontiers in Chemistry