Flavor← the wheel

the library

Gentian

Spice & roots· root bitter

Gentian

What it is

Gentian is the root of Gentiana lutea, a tall alpine plant harvested for use in liqueurs and bitters.

What it tastes like

The house reads it as thyme, alpine, earthy root, dry ✳ — a known palate, not yet a cited measurement.

What goes with it

174 more go with it. See them all in the full library →

Salt and acid

Salt

Salt not measured yet.

Acid

Acid not measured yet.

Unusual pairings

Pairs the library can cite that almost nobody makes.

8 of 109 compounds on file carry a paper the library can cite.

  • gentiopicrosidetastesugarMeasured in 3 of 338 ingredients.cite
    21.37 to 56.17 mg per g of dried gentian root — the largest of the eight markers in every one of the thirteen batches, and about seven times the next-largest compound at the median. The paper's own abstract states that in all root batches this secoiridoid dominated, at 2.1–5.6% of the drug, clearly over all other metabolites. — Gibitz-Eisath et al. 2022, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (Table 4 (Quantitative Results for Compounds 1–9 in Different G. radix Batches; all values in mg g–1 plant material), column 5, across the thirteen root batches R-1 to R-13)
  • loganic acidtasteacidMeasured in 3 of 338 ingredients.cite
    1.02 to 8.00 mg per g of dried root — the second-largest marker at the median, and the compound the paper reports as dominating two of the seven liqueurs made from this drug — Gibitz-Eisath et al. 2022, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (Table 4, column 6, root batches R-1 to R-13)
  • amarogentintastesugarMeasured in 3 of 338 ingredients.cite
    0.14 to 2.11 mg per g of dried root, and BELOW THE LIMIT OF QUANTITATION in four of the thirteen batches — the smallest of the eight markers by mass in nearly every batch, despite being the compound gentian's bitterness is usually attributed to — Gibitz-Eisath et al. 2022, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (Table 4, column 7, root batches R-1 to R-13)
  • swerosidetastesugarMeasured in 3 of 338 ingredients.cite
    0.37 to 13.09 mg per g of dried root — the widest relative spread of any marker in the root, with two batches (R-7 at 13.09 and R-8 at 10.83) running an order of magnitude above the other eleven — Gibitz-Eisath et al. 2022, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (Table 4, column 4, root batches R-1 to R-13)
  • swertiamarintastesugarMeasured in 3 of 338 ingredients.cite
    0.72 to 2.54 mg per g of dried root — the most consistent of the eight markers across batches, varying only about threefold where gentiopicroside varies by 2.6 and sweroside by 35 — Gibitz-Eisath et al. 2022, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (Table 4, column 3, root batches R-1 to R-13)
  • gentisintastephenolMeasured in 3 of 338 ingredients.cite
    0.15 to 1.43 mg per g of dried root, the smaller of the two xanthones in most batches — Gibitz-Eisath et al. 2022, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (Table 4, column 1, root batches R-1 to R-13)
  • isogentisintastephenolMeasured in 3 of 338 ingredients.cite
    0.36 to 2.49 mg per g of dried root. A xanthone, not a secoiridoid — the class the paper credits with gentian's cell-protecting activity, and the isomer of gentisin. — Gibitz-Eisath et al. 2022, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (Table 4, column 2, root batches R-1 to R-13)
  • GentiosidetasteMeasured in 1 of 338 ingredients.cite
    1.58 to 7.30 mg per g of dried root. A xanthone glycoside isolated by the authors themselves from batch R-1 rather than bought as a standard, and one of only two markers measurable in every batch yet below the limit of quantitation in ALL seven liqueurs — it stays in the root. — Gibitz-Eisath et al. 2022, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (Table 4, column 8, root batches R-1 to R-13)

On file, no cited source yet ✳

These molecules are on record for it from the library's earlier sources. We are buying and requesting the papers; each one that lands moves its molecule up into the cited list.

  • Triflorosidephenol
  • Gentioluteol
  • Gentiolutelinterpenoid
  • carvacrolphenolreads as thymol odor (PubChem)
  • aldehydo-D-glucosealdehyde
  • 2,3-Seco-3-oxours-12-ene-2-oic acidterpenoid
  • 2,3-Seco-3-oxooleana-12-ene-2-oic acidterpenoid
  • (4R)-4-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-1H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-3,8-dione
  • (E,E,E,E)-Squaleneterpenoid
  • (1R,3aS,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-3a-(hydroxymethyl)-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl hexadecanoateterpenoid
  • Urs-12-ene-3beta,11alpha-diol 3-palmitateterpenoid
  • (+)-Epiaromadendrinflavonoid
  • 5beta-Ethenyl-6alpha-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-4a-hydroxy-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H,3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1-oneterpenoid
  • isoorientinflavonoid
  • 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-oneflavonoid
  • gentianosesugar
  • [2-[(4-Ethenyl-4a-hydroxy-8-oxo-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-c]pyran-3-yl)oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] 2,4-dihydroxy-6-(3-hydroxyphenyl)benzoateterpenoid
  • (-)-pinoresinolphenol
  • (3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(E,2S,5S)-5-Ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-olterpenoid
  • swertisinphenol
  • Erythrodiol 3-O-palmitateterpenoid
  • 3-[2-[3-[[(2S)-4-[[[(2S,3S,4R,5S)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]ethylsulfanyl]-3-oxopropanoic acidester
  • 1-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-7-primeverosyloxyxanthone
  • 2-hydroxy-6-methoxyxanthen-9-one
  • 3,6-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,4,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-furo[3,4-c]furan-3a-ol
  • Berchemol
  • Betulin 3-O-palmitateterpenoid
  • (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-[[(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triolterpenoid
  • S-[2-[3-[[(2S)-4-[[[(2S,3S,4R,5S)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]ethyl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enethioateester
  • (2S,3S,4S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,4,5,7-tetrolflavonoid
  • (2S,3R,4S)-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,4,5,7-tetrolflavonoid
  • Urs-12-ene-3beta,28-diol 3-palmitateterpenoid
  • (3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl hexadecanoateterpenoid
  • 1-methyl-3H,4H,9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indolenitrogen compound
  • RGYSDPXLNRDNJW-FRJKCGKRSA-Oflavonoid
  • ampelopsinketone
  • XOXJWVANDYFNOK-QPZJUDHFSA-Oflavonoid
  • isovitexinflavonoid
  • 2,3,6-trihydroxy-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyxanthen-9-one
  • 4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-octamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-olterpenoid
  • 4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-Octamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-olterpenoid
  • 7-hydroxy-3-methoxy-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyxanthen-9-one
  • 7-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-1-[(6-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-9H-xanthen-9-one
  • campesterolalcohol
  • erythrocentaurin
  • Fraxiresinol
  • beta-sitosterolalcohol
  • limoneneterpenoidreads as pleasant lemon-like (PubChem)
  • lupeolalcohol
  • D-fructopyranosealcoholreads as sweet (PubChem)
  • Swertiamarosidesugar
  • (3S,4R,4aS)-4-ethenyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-8-oneterpenoid
  • Gentianinenitrogen compound
  • raffinosesugar
  • naringeninflavonoid
  • (+)-taxifolinketone
  • cis-3,4-leucopelargonidinflavonoid
  • pelargonidinflavonoid
  • 2,3',4,6-tetrahydroxybenzophenonephenol
  • β-gentiobiose (closed ring)sugar
  • 6-O-(beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-D-glucopyranosesugar
  • isoscoparinflavonoid
  • (+)-syringaresinolphenol
  • 6-Hydroxy-7-methyl-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acidterpenoid
  • (E)-cinnamic acidacid
  • isovitexinflavonoid
  • stigmasterolalcohol
  • naringenin chalconephenol
  • harmannitrogen compound
  • bellidifolinphenol
  • 1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxyxanthone
  • gentiacauleinphenol
  • gentiseinphenol
  • mangiferin
  • 2-O-methylswertianinphenol
  • swerchirinphenol
  • swertianinphenol
  • swertianolinsugar
  • 7-methyl-5H,6H,7H-cyclopenta[c]pyridin-6-olnitrogen compound
  • Anofinic acidterpenoid
  • 7-methoxy-2,2-dimethylchromene-6-carboxylic acidterpenoid
  • 1,3,8-trihydroxy-5-methoxyxanthen-9-one
  • 1,3,6,7-Tetrahydroxy-2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]xanthen-9-one
  • decussatinphenol
  • primeverosesugar
  • 1,6-dihydroxy-2,8-dimethoxyxanthen-9-one
  • Xanthen-9-one, 1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-
  • sitoglusideterpenoid
  • D-glucopyranosesugarreads as sweet (PubChem)
  • 4-ethenyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-8-oneterpenoid
  • keto-D-fructosesugar
  • squaleneterpenoidreads as faint agreeable odor (PubChem)
  • norharmannitrogen compound
  • linaloolalcoholreads as spicy, citrus taste (PubChem)
  • harmolnitrogen compound
  • 1,3,8-trihydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one
  • β-amyrinalcohol
  • α-amyrinalcohol
  • Flavonoid LPflavonoid
  • 17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-olterpenoid
  • 2-Hydroxyterephthalic acidphenol

Sources

  • Gibitz-Eisath et al. 2022, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
read it with something